Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis is a general term that describes a variety of developmental problems in which the skull is unable to form normally and accommodate the growing brain. The definite cause of these disorders is not clear. Typically, one or more of the growth centers of the skull or cranium close prematurely, which results in a deformed skull.

The difference between craniosynostosis and skull-shape abnormalities that result from "positional molding" must be recognized. Abnormalities resulting from positional molding affect the soft skull bones of an infant. These bones can be molded by persistent pressure in one area, such as if the infant lies primarily on one side. That one side will slowly develop a "flat spot" and there will be a compensatory bulge, usually on the opposite side of the skull. Positional molding needs to be recognized early because it can be treated by turning the infant off the flat side to the opposite side, or in some cases by using a molding helmet to direct the growth of the skull. This is typically not a surgical problem and occurs much more often than craniosynostosis, which is a surgical problem.

Because each occurrence of craniosynostosis is unique, the best treatment approach is also unique. The condition is usually treated by a team of neurosurgeons and plastic surgeons specially trained in craniofacial surgery. The operation involves removing the malformed bones and repositioning or reforming them and then replacing them to create a more appropriately shaped skull.